See the mid-term review for early topics in the course. However, emphasis on this exam will be on topics after the mid-term, including expecially:

• The RSA cryptosystem.
  • RSA details, as outlined in the mid-term review.
  • RSA's use for secrecy and for signatures.
  • Rabin's variation on RSA. (But don't memorize Rabin's formulas.)
• The Advanced Encryption Standard.
  • Outline of the algorithm for encryption.
  • The field GF(256), with emphasis on multiplication.
  • Use of "logarithms" to multiply in GF(256).
• Passwords.
  • Use of passwords protected by a one-way function.
  • Use of a salt.
  • Lamport's scheme.
• Zero knowledge.
  • Example of proving knowledge of a Hamiltonian cycle.
  • Fiat-Shamir scheme for zero-knowledge identification.
• Threshold schemes.
  • Details about Shamir's scheme.