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Ruby is the interpreted scripting language for quick and easy
object-oriented programming. It has many features to process text files
and to do system management tasks (as in Perl). It is simple,
straight-forward, extensible, and portable.
Oh, I need to mention, it's totally free, which means not only
free of charge, but also freedom to use, copy, modify, and distribute it.
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- Ruby has simple syntax, partially inspired by Eiffel and Ada.
- Ruby has exception handling features, like Java or Python,
to make it easy to handle errors.
- Ruby's operators are syntax sugar for the methods.
You can redefine them easily.
- Ruby is a complete, full, pure object oriented language: OOL.
This means all data in Ruby is an object, not in the sense of
Python or Perl, but in the sense of Smalltalk: no exceptions.
Example: In Ruby, the number 1 is an instance of class Fixnum.
- Ruby's OO is carefully designed to be both complete and open for
improvements. Example: Ruby has the ability to add methods to a class,
or even to an instance during runtime. So, if needed, an instance of
one class can behave differently from other instances of the same class.
- Ruby features single inheritance only, on purpose. But Ruby knows
the concept of modules (called Categories in Objective-C). Modules
are collections of methods. Every class can import a module and so
gets all its methods for free. Some of us think that this is a much
clearer way than multiple inheritance, which is complex, and not used
very often compared with single inheritance (don't count C++ here,
as it has often no other choice due to strong type checking!).
- Ruby features true closures. Not just unnamed function, but with
present variable bindings.
- Ruby features blocks in its syntax
(code surrounded by '{' ... '}' or 'do' ... 'end'). These blocks can
be passed to methods, or converted into closures.
- Ruby features a true mark-and-sweep garbage collector. It works
with all Ruby objects. You don't have to care about maintaining
reference counts in extension libraries. This is better for your
health. ;-)
- Writing C extensions in Ruby is easier than in Perl or Python,
due partly to the garbage collector, and partly to the fine extension
API. SWIG interface is also available.
- Integers in Ruby can (and should) be used without counting their
internal representation. There are small integers (instances of class
Fixnum) and large integers (Bignum), but you need not worry over which
one is used currently. If a value is small enough, an integer is a Fixnum,
otherwise it is a Bignum. Conversion occurs automatically.
- Ruby needs no variable declarations. It uses simple naming
conventions to denote the scope of variables. Examples: simple
'var' = local variable, '@var' = instance variable, '$var' = global variable.
So it is also not necessary to use a tiresome 'self.' prepended
to every instance member.
- Ruby can load extension libraries dynamically if an OS allows.
- Ruby features OS independent threading. Thus, for all platforms on
which Ruby runs, you also have multithreading, regardless of if the OS
supports it or not, even on MS-DOS! ;-)
- Ruby is highly portable: it is developed mostly on Linux, but works
on many types of UNIX, DOS, Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP, MacOS, BeOS, OS/2, etc.
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